1. Which of these is the MOST ACCURATE difference between gymnosperms and angiosperms?

A. Angiosperms can have broad, flat leaves; gymnosperms never do.
B. Gymnosperms produce cones for reproduction; angiosperms don’t.
C. Angiosperms produce flowers for reproduction; gymnosperms don’t.
D. Gymnosperms have leaves that are reduced in size, forming needles; angiosperms don’t.

2. Which of the following plants produces a seed with only one cotyledon?

A. Pea.
B. Corn.
C. Peanut.
D. Sunflower.

3. Which of the following is the BEST description of a tissue?

A. Part of an organ.
B. A set of cells that function together.
C. A cluster of cells all in the same place.
D. A set of identical cells that have a unified function.

4. The tissue type in a plant that is capable of cell division is called

A. parenchyma.
B. collenchyma.
C. meristematic.
D. sclerenchyma.

5. Where on a plant would one look to find an apex?

A. In a flower.
B. Along the stem.
C. Under the leaves.
D. At the tip of a branch.

6. In which growing conditions would you find xerophytes, hydrophytes, and halophytes (respectively)?

A. Mineral-rich, aquatic, dry.
B. Aquatic, dry, mineral-rich.
C. Dry, aquatic, mineral-rich.
D. Dry, mineral-rich, aquatic.

7. A boring tool is used to drill a hole into a tree. Which sequence of tissues would it encounter?

A. Phloem — xylem — vascular cambium.
B. Phloem — vascular cambium — xylem.
C. Xylem — vascular cambium — phloem.
D. Xylem — phloem — vascular cambium.

8. What accounts for the movement of water into a root hair and on to the xylem?

A. The pressure exerted on the roots by the surrounding soil.
B. Diffusion due to the difference in concentration of minerals.
C. Osmosis due to the osmotic pressure created by the surrounding ground.
D. The active transport of minerals into the root tissues creating osmotic pressure.

9. Which of the following is the BEST description of the structure and function of the Casparian strip?

A. A set of cells that allows water into the xylem from the root hairs.
B. A waxy layer around the xylem that prevents water from leaving once it is there.
C. A protein-rich layer that enzymatically controls water movement in a vascular bundle.
D. A specialized tissue that conducts water in the xylem of roots to the xylem above the ground.

10. Under which conditions would the chance of transpiration be the greatest?

A. Hot and dry.
B. Cold and dry.
C. Hot and humid.
D. Cold and humid.

11. The dark lines forming the annular rings of a tree are made out of dense

A. xylem cells that formed in poor growing conditions.
B. xylem cells that formed in good growing conditions.
C. phloem cells that formed in poor growing conditions.
D. phloem cells that formed in good growing conditions.

12. The cones of a gymnosperm that are involved in reproduction during a spring season are a

A. one-year male cone and a one-year female cone.
B. one-year male cone and a three-year female cone.
C. three-year male cone and a one-year female cone.
D. three-year male cone and a three-year female cone.

13. Which of the following is the BEST description of pollen?

A. Multicellular male reproductive structure.
B. Multicellular female reproductive structure.
C. Multinucleated male reproductive structure.
D. Multinucleated female reproductive structure.

14. Select the FALSE statement regarding the fertilization process in angiosperms.

A. A pollen nucleus fertilizes the ovum to produce the embryo.
B. A pollen nucleus causes the ovule to develop and produce fruit.
C. A pollen nucleus fertilizes a polar body to produce the endosperm.
D. A pollen nucleus causes the growth and elongation of the pollen tube.

15. What are the location and function of endosperm?

A. In a flower to attract pollen.
B. In fruit to protect the embryo.
C. In a seed to feed the embryo.
D. Part of pollen required for fertilization.

16. Which of the following statements about flower parts is CORRECT?

A. Sepals are photosynthetic.
B. The female parts surround the central male part.
C. Pistils are male parts, while stamens are female parts.
D. The style is the source of energy and fragrance for the flower.

17. What features would you expect to find associated with both a maple and an oak leaf?

A. Parallel vein pattern and a petiole.
B. Parallel vein pattern, but no petiole.
C. Branching vein pattern and a petiole.
D. Branching vein pattern, but no petiole.

18. What causes leaves to change color and fall from trees?

A. Increased photosynthesis coupled with a build-up of cells in the petiole.
B. Decreased photosynthesis coupled with a build-up of cells in the petiole.
C. Increased photosynthesis coupled with a deterioration of the cells in the petiole.
D. Decreased photosynthesis coupled with a deterioration of the cells in the petiole.

19. What is the function of a cotyledon?

A. Store water absorbed by root hairs to use later, when water is less available.
B. Facilitate gas exchange for both photosynthesis and respiration until stomata develop.
C. Promote the growth of roots in a downward direction and the growth of shoots upwards.
D. Provide nutrients to a plant embryo until it can conduct enough photosynthesis to make its own.

20. Which of the following describes a monocotyledon?

A. Six petals per flower with parallel veins in leaves.
B. Six petals per flower with branching veins in leaves.
C. Twelve petals per flower with parallel veins in leaves.
D. Twelve petals per flower with branching veins in leaves.