1. When a fungal spore germinates and continues to grow, it grows from a

A. tip and forms a strand called a hypha.
B. base and forms a strand called a hypha.
C. tip and forms a strand called a mycelium.
D. base and forms a strand called a mycelium.

2. Which of the following is the BEST description of the role of a substrate in relation to a fungus?

A. Defense.
B. Camouflage.
C. Reproduction.
D. Source of nutrients.

3. Hyphae that exhibit positive chemotaxis will grow

A. towards each other for reproductive purposes.
B. towards each other to share a rich food source.
C. away from each other to ensure distribution of spores.
D. away from each other to avoid the rapid depletion of nutrients in one area.

4. A hyphal strand that is termed coenocytic usually

A. has nuclei and cross walls.
B. lacks nuclei and crosswalls.
C. lacks nuclei, but has cross walls.
D. has nuclei, but lacks cross walls.

5. Which phylum does a puffball belong to?

A. Phylum Oomycetes.
B. Phylum Ascomycetes.
C. Phylum Zygomycetes.
D. Phylum Basidiomycetes.

6. Which phylum does Rhizopus stolonifer belong to?

A. Phylum Oomycetes.
B. Phylum Ascomycetes.
C. Phylum Zygomycetes.
D. Phylum Basidiomycetes.

7. Which phylum produces an N + N secondary mycelium?

A. Phylum Oomycetes.
B. Phylum Ascomycetes.
C. Phylum Zygomycetes.
D. Phylum Basidiomycetes.

8. Which of the following MOST ACCURATELY describes the production of basidiospores?

A. Singulary.
B. In clusters of four.
C. In clusters of eight.
D. Hundreds at a time.

9. Which of the following types of spores is produced asexually?

A. Ascospores.
B. Zygospores.
C. Basidiospores.
D. Conidiospores.

10. A specialized hyphal strand that runs horizontal to the substrate is called a

A. stolon.
B. rhizoid.
C. mycelium.
D. sporangiophore.

11. Fungal rhizoids have the dual purposes of

A. anchoring and absorbing nutrients.
B. asexual reproduction and anchoring.
C. spreading out the fungus and absorbing nutrients.
D. asexual reproduction and spreading out the fungus.

12. Which phylum of fungi has cellulose cell walls?

A. Phylum Oomycetes.
B. Phylum Ascomycetes.
C. Phylum Zygomycetes.
D. Phylum Basiodiomycetes.

13. The hyphae of egg fungi are

A. N and coenocytic.
B. 2N and coenocytic.
C. N and acoenocytic.
D. 2N and acoenocytic.

14. Ringworm and athlete’s foot are fungal diseases caused by members of which phylum?

A. Phylum Oomycetes.
B. Phylum Ascomycetes.
C. Phylum Zygomycetes.
D. Phylum Deuteromycetes.

15. What is the major characteristic that unifies Phylum Deuteromycetes?

A. A lack of known sexual reproductive structures.
B. A lack of known asexual reproductive structures.
C. Coenocytic hyphae with one nucleus in each cell.
D. Acoenocytic hyphae with one nucleus in each cell.

16. Lichen could NOT be symbiotic relationships between fungi and

A. plants.
B. protists.
C. animals.
D. monerans.

17. Why are lichens considered a pioneer organism?

A. They can be found almost everywhere.
B. They were one of the first known organisms.
C. They conduct life processes in very simple ways.
D. They are one of the first organisms to grow in disturbed areas.

18. Which of the following is NOT a type of lichen?

A. Foliose — leafy, often found in trees.
B. Fruticose — has upright fruiting bodies.
C. Crustose — crust-like, grows flat on surfaces.
D. Branchiose — branching, forms a network of strands.

19. Mycorrhiza is a symbiotic relationship between a fungus and what else?

A. Lichen.
B. Roots of plants.
C. Another fungus.
D. Photosynthetic parts of plants.

20. Which phylum provided the original source of penicillin?

A. Phylum Oomycetes.
B. Phylum Ascomycetes.
C. Phylum Zygomycetes.
D. Phylum Deuteromycetes.