1. Which of the following structures would NOT be found in a bacterial cell?

A. Ribosome.
B. Lysosome.
C. Chromosome.
D. Cell membrane.

2. What is the function of the surface chemicals on bacterial cells called pili?

A. Sensory.
B. Defense.
C. Movement.
D. Attachment.

3. Which of the following is MOST characteristic of eubacteria?

A. Anaerobic.
B. Common and abundant.
C. Live in harsh environments.
D. Uncommon with simple characteristics.

4. What shape is a bacillus bacterium?

A. Spiral.
B. Elongate.
C. Spherical.
D. Polyhedral.

5. Organisms that generally use oxygen, but can survive without it are called

A. obligate aerobes.
B. facultative aerobes.
C. obligate anaerobes.
D. facultative anaerobes.

6. Which of the following is a correct match?

A. Aerobic — plant cells — alcohol.
B. Aerobic — animal cells — alcohol.
C. Anaerobic — plant cells — lactic acid.
D. Anaerobic — animal cells — lactic acid.

7. A bacterium that makes its food using energy from chemicals found in its environment is termed a

A. photosynthetic autotroph.
B. chemosynthetic autotroph.
C. photosynthetic heterotroph.
D. chemosynthetic heterotroph.

8. During binary fission, bacteria will

A. divide by mitosis and double their number.
B. produce gametes that fuse to form a zygote.
C. divide by meiosis and quadruple their number.
D. combine, exchange genetic material, and then divide.

9. In one hour, given ideal growing conditions, a small colony of 10 cells could grow to include

A. 13 cells.
B. 40 cells.
C. 80 cells.
D. Hundreds of cells.

10. The following steps occur during conjugation. What is the correct sequence of these steps?

1. DNA replication
2. genetic recombination
3. genetic transfer between cells

A. 1, 3, 2.
B. 2, 3, 1.
C. 3, 1, 2.
D. 1, 2, 3.

11. Which of the following most accurately applies to endospore production?

A. Sexual; during poor growing conditions.
B. Sexual; during good growing conditions.
C. Asexual; during poor growing conditions.
D. Asexual; during good growing conditions.

12. Agar, a common laboratory food source for bacteria, is prepared from

A. fruit.
B. seaweed.
C. grain crops.
D. animal tissues.

13. Macroscopically, bacteria colonies can be distinguished from each other by all of the following EXCEPT ONE. Which one?

A. Color.
B. Sheen.
C. Cell shape.
D. Surface texture.

14. Bacterial cells are called gram positive if their cell walls containing

A. lipids absorb safranine.
B. lipids absorb crystal violet.
C. carbohydrates absorb safranine.
D. carbohydrates absorb crystal violet.

15. Which procedure is LEAST likely to be included in a list of sterile techniques?

A. Using disinfectants.
B. Avoiding direct contact.
C. Maintaining a biological control.
D. Heating equipment to sterilize it.

16. An antiseptic is most correctly used to kill bacteria that

A. are in food.
B. may be found in a cut.
C. can be found internally.
D. are on non-living surfaces.

17. Bacterial activity can result in all of the following EXCEPT ONE. Which one?

A. Oil metabolism.
B. Food production.
C. Protein digestion.
D. Oxygen production.

18. Significant use of biotechnology does NOT currently include the production of

A. pathogens.
B. disinfectants.
C. protein hormones.
D. genetically altered food.

19. Which combination is MOST correct?

A. Parasite — E. coli — intestines.
B. Symbiont — E. coli — stomach.
C. Pathogen — H. pylori — stomach.
D. Decomposer — H. pylori — intestines.

20. Nitrifying bacteria convert

A. N2 into NH3.
B. N2 into NO3-1.
C. NO3-1 into N2.
D. NH3 into NO3-1.